Critical Situation of Poverty in Pakistan - 813 Words

â€Å"A person is considered poor if his or her income level falls below some minimum level necessary to meet basic needs. This minimum level is usually called the poverty line†.(Guenon n.d.) Keeping in mind the situation of Pakistan in last couple of years, the initiative has been taken by the Government of Pakistan which commits for better access to critical public services for the poor. In addition to the poverty reduction strategies prepared by the Government major improvements were required in education, health and other basic necessities (including food and water etc.) sectors. Moreover, two major initiatives were taken by Government - Khushal Pakistan (a comprehensive poverty intervention) and Khushali Bank (a microcredit bank) - as countrywide efforts in order to address poverty. Some Facts And Figures about Poverty in Pakistan †¢ 65.5 percent population of Pakistan earns less than 2$ per day (UNDP research) which shows that most of the people living in Pakistan are having very few necessities of life. Majority of Pakistan is living a miserable life below poverty line. †¢ (SPDC (Social Policy Development Centre) Report), 88 percent of Baluchistan’s population, 21 percent of Sindh, 51 percent of NWFP and 25 percent of Punjab’s population is victim to poverty and deprivation. †¢ Pakistan is categorized among the 43 countries who are most exposed to poverty. (S. Rana 2011) According to a research by World Bank, during the 1990s, entire government revenue fell from 17 percent ofShow MoreRelatedCurrent Situation of Pakistan Economy1581 Words   |  7 PagesCurrent Situation of Pakistan Economy There are genuine fears prevailing in Pakistan that its economy is in a bad shape. 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During the wars between the Mujahedeen and the Soviets, about fifteen thousand soviet soldiers perished as a result of war inflicted deaths. The soviet troupes leftRead MoreOn This Assignment IM Going To Be Referring To Poverty,1763 Words   |  8 Pages On this assignment I m going to be referring to poverty, since it leads down different roads. Poverty can lead to health issues, lack housing, of income, employment, malnutrition, lack of education and many more that will be explained on this paper. If it is true that the world has progressed proportionally more in the last fifty years than in history, less is not the fact that inequality between the Nations is one of the characteristics that best define the contemporary world. This phenomenonRead MoreHuman Resource Development in Pakistan6755 Words   |  28 PagesCHALLENGES OF HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT IN PAKISTAN Dr. Nasim Ashraf Abstract This paper explores the challenges posed in the area of human development in Pakistan. 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Choosing The Right Plastic Surgeon - 913 Words

Why should you choose Dr. Daines? Choosing the right plastic surgeon is extremely important when you are opting for a cosmetic treatment for your face and body. Our Orange County cosmetic surgery and plastic surgery specialist, Steven M. Daines is a double board certified M.D. in Newport Beach. With years of experience in advanced facial cosmetic surgery, rhinoplasty and face lift surgeries, Dr. Daines is an expert in this field today. Certainly, he can be your plastic surgeon for facial and reconstructive surgeries. His approach to plastic and reconstructive surgery is more than a surgical rejuvenation procedure. He always aims at offering each patient a personalized treatment within a welcoming environment. Today, he offers both surgical†¦show more content†¦However, many of us still feel that this facial rejuvenation approach is not a safe approach. It is important to know details about the procedure, its possible side effects and recovery time before opting for this procedure. Botox treatment is extremely safe and with minimal side effects if administered well. A treatment with Botox takes five to seven days before showing any effective results. Common side effects that many patients experience include swelling, minor pain at the injection site and slight bruising. Plastic surgeons suggest not rubbing the area for a few days in order to avoid skin problems. In a very few cases, Botox can migrate to certain unintended area and cause droopy skin. However, it is scientifically proven that too much Botox at a site can cause such a problem. Therefore, patients should reveal their past Botox treatment plans to their surgeon before opting for another injection. Another reason of droopy eyelids can be because of the injections being too close to inner skin and muscles. For the past 30 years, Botox is used widely as a safe anti-wrinkle therapy procedure. Recent stir about the safety of botulinium toxin is closely reviewed by the FDA. There are some reported cases of breathing and swallowing problems in cerebral palsy patients under a certain age. A detailed review report on this reveals that botulinium-based drugs are quite different from the botulinium based injections used for Botox. While the former is widely

Finance Managerial dividend paying incentive - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss abourt the Finance Managerial dividend paying incentive. Answer: Introduction: Financial management is a stream of management which makes it easy for the company to analyze, evaluate and determine the required changes for the betterment of the organization. The financial management assist the company to choose the best project and make better decision about the operations and the activities of the company. On the other hand, financial evaluation techniques also assist the stakeholder of the company to make better choices about the position of the company. Financial evaluation helps the company to manage and evaluate the better companies for the purpose of investment and it also helps them to evaluate that what is the exact performance of the company and in the industry. Financial evaluation involves various techniques such as IRR, NPV, Ratio analysis, vertical analysis, WACC, required rate of return, cost of debt etc. Company description: Pacific Energy Limited is an Australian company. This company is operating its business into Australian utility industry in which it develops, builds, manages and operates electricity generation facilities in the Australian market. On the date of 11 Sept, 2017, this company has operated and owned 21 diesel, gas, power stations and duel filled power minerals along with the total power generation capacity which is approximately about 272 MW. Headquarter of the company is Landsdale, Australia. Currently, the company is operating very well in the industry and the projects of the company are also attractive. Ownership governance structure: Further, the governance structure of the company has also been investigated and it has been found that what the main people of the company and who are chief shareholders of the company are (Brealey, Myers and Marcus, 2007). This study explains about the board of members and the people who have more than 20% stake in the stock of the company. Following is the detail about me: Substantial stakeholders: Substantial stakeholders are those person who has their stock in an entity and invests the most in the company, through the annual report of the company, it has been found that the Sept Pty Ltd Hall Family Fund A/C is the main stakeholders of the company and it has around 47.73% stock in the company. Further, it expresses that the other stakeholder of the company is Pacific Road Holdings S.A.R.L. which owns 18.34% in the companys stock. It explains that there are only one people in company who owns more than 20% stock but there are 3 people who have more than 5% shares. Main people: Further, the main people such as CEO, CFO, managing director, executive directors etc have been investigated and it has been found that the M Chiff Lawrenson is the independent non executive chairman of the company and he is handling all the financial activities of the company. Further the James D D Cullen is the CFO of the company and he is also managing director of the company. Kenneth J Hall is the executive director of the company. Though, none of them has more than 5% ownership in the stock of the company (Barman, 2008). Performance ratios: Performance ratios are the part of financial analysis which evaluates the main financial figures of the company to reach over a conclusion about the performance of the company and the changes which are required to be done by the company to enhance its operations. These ratios are conducted by the stakeholders of the company to measure the worth of the company. Mainly, ROE, ROA, total assets/ ordinary equity and debt ratios are included in performance ratios. Return on assets (ROA): Return on assets is a display which explains about the total assets and the total profit connection (Breuer, Rieger and Soypak, 2014). It explains about the performance of the company. The return on assets of the company is as follows: A. Return on assets= NPAT/ total Assets 16601/196838 8.434% It explains that the return on assets of the company is 8.43% which explain about a good position of the company. Return on equity (ROE): Further, return on equity is a display which explains about the total equity and the total profit connection. It explains about the performance of the company. The return on equity of the company is as follows: B. Return on Equity= Net profit after tax/ ordinary equity 16601/145098 11.44% It explains that the return on equity of the company is 11.44% which explain about a good position of the company. Debt ratios: Further, debt ratio is a display which explains about the total equity and the total liability and their connection (Naser, Nuseibeh and Rashed, 2013). It explains about the performance and the position of the company. The debt ratio of the company is as follows: C. Debt Ratios = Total Liabilities/ total assets 51740/196838 26.29% It explains about the relationship among the capital structure of the company. Further, the below equation has been solved to evaluate the performance of the company which is as follows: EBIT / TA * NPAT / EBIT * TA/ OE = NPAT / OE (24288/196838)*(16601/24288)*(196838/145098)= (16601/145098) 11.44% 11.44% (Morningstar, 2018) TA/OE: TA/OE plays an important role in the performance and the position of the company. Through this report, it has been evaluated that the Total assets and the ordinary equity of the company has been impacted the return on assets and return on equity lot. It explains that the more the TA/ Te would be the more the ROA/ROE would be. TA/TE = (NPAT/ Total assets)/(NPAT/TE) TA/TE =Total assets/TE ROA and ROE: Further, the ROA and ROE has been analyzed and it has been found that the ROA of an organization is always lower than the ROE of the company. Further, the study over the ROA and ROE of the company explains that the ROA of the company is 8.43% and ROE of the company is 11.44% (Shao, Kwok and Guedhami, 2013). ROE is always greater due to a lower value of equity in the company than the total assets of the company because total assets are the combination of total liabilities and total equity of the company. Changes in stock price: Further, the stock prices of the company and the AORD have been compared with each other to evaluate the correlation among the prices. It explains that the stock prices of PEA are quite constant but the stock prices of AORD are quite fluctuating in nature. It explains that the correlation among both the stocks is high. The correlation of both the stock prices is 0.79 which explains that the stock prices of both the stocks impact over each other. Following graph explains about the relationship and correlation: Evalaution: The evalaution study over the PEA stock and AORD stock epxlains that the stock prices of AORD has more fluctation than the stock of PEA. It epxlains that the PEA dooes not iampct much over the stock prices of AORD. Further, it epxlains that the correlation among both the stocks is high (Zhang, 2012). The correlation of both the stock prices is 0.79 which explains that the stock prices of both the stocks impact over each other. Significant factors: Further, the study has been done over those factors which have impacted over the stock of the company. It would assist the company to evaluate that why the stock prices have been up in a while and down in other. This takes place due to various internal and external factors. Some of them are as follows: Significant management changes: In the month of march, 2016 the stock prices of the company has been 0.35 from 0.49 all of sudden and this has happened due to the changes in the management. Competitors impact: Further, the stock price of the company has been lowered so many times due to a bad position in the competitive market (Tucker, 2011). Analyst forecast: At the time of Oct, 2017, stock price of the company has been enhanced a lot and this has taken place due to an announcement about the better position and performance of entity. Law suits: Further, various law suits and their decision have also make an impacted over the performance of the company. Industry wide factors: Lastly, it has been found that industry factors also make an impact over the stock prices of the company. Calculation of CAPM and beta values: Beta: More, beta of PEA stocks has been calculated and it has been found that the beta of the company is 0.003 which explains that the systematic risk of the company is very lower. CAPM: Further, the CAPM calculations are as follows: Calculation of cost of equity (CAPM) RF 4.00% RM 6.00% Beta 0.000297 Required rate of return 4.00% (Shao, Kwok and Guedhami, 2013) Explanation: Through the above study, it has been evaluated that the investment into this company is conservative as the risk and the return of this company are quite better, the risk of the company is just 0.003% whereas the return of the company is 44% which explains about a great position of the company and thus it is a good option for the purpose of investment. WACC calculations: WACC calculations of the company are as follows: Calculation of WACC Price Weight WACC Debt 23,901 0.17656 0.00618 Equity 1,11,472 0.82344 0.03294 1,35,373 Kd 3.91% Calculation of cost of debt Outstanding debt 23,901 interest rate 5% Tax rate 0.3 Kd 3.50% Calculation of cost of equity (CAPM) RF 4.00% RM 6.00% Beta 0.03% Required rate of return 4.00% Evaluation: The above calculations and the WACC measurement explains that the cost of debt of the company is 3.5% whereas the cost of equity of the company is 4% which explains that the total cost of capital of the company is 3.91%. This is due to high weight of equity of the company. It is suggested to the comapny to make an optimal capital structure and for that, it is requisite for the company to enhance the level of the debt. Debt ratios: Optimal capital structure: The capital structure of the company explains that the earlier, the debt ratio of the company was 29.62% but in current year, the level has been lowered and the capital structure of the company is 26.29% which must be enhanced by the company. The current capital structure of the company is not stable (Travlos, Trigeorgis and Vafeas, 2015). Following table explain about the debt ratio of the company: 2017 2016 A. Debt Ratios = Total Liabilities/ total assets Total Liabilities/ total assets 51740/196838 57597/194434 26.29% 29.62% Gearing ratios: Further, the gearing ratio of the company has been evaluated and it has been found that the gearing ratio of the company was 31.56% in 2016 and 28.17% in 2017. The gearing ratio has been changed and this has taken place due to high borrowings and less liabilities of the company. The directors have presented that they are working on optimal cash flows. 2017 2016 B. Gearing ratios = Total Liabilities/ Capital employed Total Liabilities/ Capital employed 51740/(196838-13154) 57597/(194434-11959) 28.17% 31.56% Dividend policy: Lastly, the dividend policy of the company has been evaluated and it has been found that the company follows the policy of relevant dividend policy which express that the dividends must be given by the entity to its stakeholders so that the investors could be attracted and the investment of the company could be enhanced (Baker and Weigand, 2015). The company has enhanced the dividend amount from $ 9187000 to $ 9246000 in 2017. It explains that the position and the performance of the company are way better (Naser, Nuseibeh and Rashed, 2013). Recommendation and Conclusion: Thus, through the above analysis and the calculations, it has been found that the position and the performance of the company is way better and it is a good option for the investors to invest into this comapny as teh associated risk is quite lower than the actual return of teh company. Further, it has been found that a good amount of dividend is offered by the company to its investors thus, the investors could invest into this company. References: Baker, H.K. and Weigand, R., 2015. Corporate dividend policy revisited.Managerial Finance,41(2), pp.126-144. Barman, G.P., 2008. An evaluation of how dividend policies impact on the share value of selected companies. Brealey, R., Myers, S.C. and Marcus, A.J., 2007.FundamentalsofCorporate Finance. Mc Graw Hill, New York. Breuer, W., Rieger, M.O. and Soypak, K.C., 2014. The behavioral foundations of corporate dividend policy a cross-country analysis.Journal of Banking Finance,42, pp.247-265. Naser, K., Nuseibeh, R. and Rashed, W., 2013. Managers' perception of dividend policy: Evidence from companies listed on Abu Dhabi Securities Exchange.Issues in Business Management and Economics,1(1), pp.001-012. Shao, L., Kwok, C.C. and Guedhami, O., 2013. DIVIDEND POLICY: BALANCING SHAREHOLDERS'AND CREDITORS'INTERESTS.Journal of Financial Research,36(1), pp.43-66. Travlos, N.G., Trigeorgis, L. and Vafeas, N., 2015. Shareholder wealth effects of dividend policy changes in an emerging stock market: The case of Cyprus. Tucker, J.W., 2011. Selection bias and econometric remedies in accounting and finance research. Zhang, D., 2012. Managerial dividend-paying incentives. Erasmus University Rotterdam. Annual report. 2017. Pacific Energy Limited. viewed Jan 22, 2018, https://www.pacificenergy.com.au/images/files/asx-announcements/2016/2PEAR2016Final.pdf Yahoo Finance. 2017. Pacific Energy Limited. viewed Jan 22, 2018, https://au.finance.yahoo.com/quote/PEA.AX/history?period1=1451586600period2=1514745000interval=1dfilter=historyfrequency=1d Morningstar. 2017. Pacific Energy Limited. viewed Jan 22, 2018, https://financials.morningstar.com/cash-flow/cf.html?t=PEAregion=ausculture=en-US

Pablo Neruda Research Paper Essay Example

Pablo Neruda Research Paper Essay Pablo Neruda (born Neftali Ricardo Peyes Basualto; 1904-1973) was a Chilean poet, diplomat, and politician, Senator of the Republic of Chile, member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Chile. Winner of the International Stalin Prize â€Å"for peace between peoples† (1953) and the Nobel Prize for Literature (1971). To write a good research paper on the topic, you must know that Pablo Neruda was born July 12, 1904 in the town of Parral in central Chile in the family of a railroad employee. Gifted boy began writing poetry when he was ten-years-old. In 1920, the young poet published his poems in Selva Austral journal, taking pseudonym Pablo Neruda on behalf of the Czech writer Jan Neruda, to avoid conflict with his father, who did not approve of his studies in literature. Subsequently, the nickname became his official name. A year later, the young poet entered the Pedagogical Institute in Santiago. For his poem Holiday Song, published in Juventud, he won first prize in a competition organized by the Federation of Chilean students. In 1923, on his own savings Neruda published his first book of poems titled Twilight. The compilation was successful, allowing the young poet to release the next year lyrical book Twenty Love Poems and a Song of Despair. It was this book that brought Pablo great fame in Latin America. We will write a custom essay sample on Pablo Neruda Research Paper specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Pablo Neruda Research Paper specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Pablo Neruda Research Paper specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In 1934-1937, Heruda was working as a diplomat in Spain. Inspired by the anti-fascist struggle of the Spanish people, in 1937 he published a book of poems Spain in the heart. In 1941-1944, Pablo Neruda was a Chilean consul in Mexico. It was there that he wrote two Love Song of Stalingrad. In 1945, Neruda was elected to the Senate of the Republic of Chile. Soon he joined the Communist Party of Chile and was awarded the National Prize for Literature. Due to the disagreements with Chilean President Gonzalez Videla, Neruda was stripped of his parliamentary mandate and accused of treason. So he had to flee to Paris. While in exile, in 1948, he concludes his Universal Song – an epic about the fate of Latin America. In 1949-1952, Heruda traveled in Europe and Asia participated in the peace movement, repeatedly visited the USSR. His work was evolving in the direction of the lyrics and kind of grotesque, as his book Estravagario (1958). He was awarded the International Peace Prize (1950), the International Lenin Prize â€Å"for peace between peoples† (1953), Nobel Prize for Literature (1971).In 1969, Neruda was nominated by the Communist Party of Chile for the presidency, but withdrew his candidacy in favor of socialist Salvador Allende. After Allende’s victory in the elections in 1970, Neruda was appointed ambassador to France. In 1972, Neruda returned to Chile. September 11, 1973 Gen. Augusto Pinochet came to power in Chile in a military coup. Salvador Allende was killed, many supporters of the Popular Unity were killed or arrested. Neruda’s house in Santiago was subjected to looting. Neruda died in the hospital of Santa Maria in Santiago September 23, 1973 (according to another version – killed). His funeral, held at gunpoint, was the first demonstration against the Pinochet regime. In the 1973-1974 in Buenos Aires posthumous publication of eight books of poetry of Neruda was published, as well as a book of his memoirs, I confess: I have lived. Use free example research papers on Pablo Neruda to find more data on the topic. At EssayLib.com writing service you can get a high-quality custom research paper on Pablo Neruda topics. Your research paper will be written from scratch. We hire top-rated Ph.D. and Master’s writers only to provide students with professional research paper assistance at affordable rates. Each customer will get a non-plagiarized paper with timely delivery. Just visit our website and fill in the order form with all paper details: Enjoy professional research paper writing service!

Evaluation and Comparison of School-based Nutrition Programmes in the UK, Saudi Arabia and South-east Asia (Singapore and Malaysia) The WritePass Journal

Evaluation and Comparison of School-based Nutrition Programmes in the UK, Saudi Arabia and South-east Asia (Singapore and Malaysia) Introduction Evaluation and Comparison of School-based Nutrition Programmes in the UK, Saudi Arabia and South-east Asia (Singapore and Malaysia) ). As Toh et al. (2002) suggest, there are also high levels of obesity in Singapore, amongst certain socioeconomic groups, with this obesity negatively affecting children’s health. As Bundy et al. (2006) note, school-based nutrition programmes are useful in terms of improving the health of schoolchildren affected by poor nutritional intake, with these programmes being ubiquitous in many different countries, both low and high income countries. The main aims of such programmes are to improve the nutritional intake of schoolchildren in order to improve their overall health and cognitive functioning to be able to improve their overall academic performance (Bundy et al., 2006). Such programs have been successful in encouraging a greater intake of fruit and vegetables in fast food-addicted children and, as a result, in decreasing the incidence of overweight and obesity (Howerton et al., 2007). As Oldroyd et al. (2008) suggest, the effectiveness of nutritional interventions differs according to socioeconomic status with children from lower socioeconomic backgrounds being more likely to drop out of such programmes and being less likely, therefore, to see the benefits o f such programmes. Suggested methodology It is suggested that a quantitative survey is developed that would be administered to various public health officials in the UK, Saudi Arabia, Malaysia and Singapore. This survey would be administered with a view to collecting data, which would allow the main aims and objectives of the suggested research to be explored. Expected outcomes The main expected outcomes would be the development of the thesis, via the exploration of the research question and the aims and objectives of the research. It is expected that several research articles would also be developed and that conference talks would be given. Suggested timetable The research would take place over a period of three years; the first six months would be used to prepare the literature review, with the next year being used to collect the survey data. The following six months would be used for data analysis and the remaining six month period would be used to write up the findings and to complete the written thesis. References Abou-Zeid, A-H. et al. (2006). Anaemia and nutritional status of schoolchildren living at Saudi Arabian high altitude areas. Saudi Medical Journal 27(6), pp. 862-869. Al-Almale, S.M. (2005). Prevalence of obesity and overweight among Saudi adolescents in Eastern Saudi Arabia. Saudi Medical Journal 26(4), pp. 607-611. Al-Mekhlafi, M.S. et al. (2008). Current prevalence and predictors of protein-energy malnutrition amongst schoolchildren in rural Peninsular Malaysia. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 39(5), pp. 922-931. Bundy, D. et al. (2006). School-based health and nutrition programmes, in Jamison et al. (eds.), Disease control priorities in developing countries. World Bank. Howerton, M.W. et al. (2007). School-based nutrition programs produced a moderate increase in fruit and vegetable consumption: meta and pooling analyses from seven studies. Journal of Nutritional Education and Behaviour 39(4), pp. 186-196. Karlsen, S. et al. (2013). Ethnic variations in overweight and obesity among children over time: findings from analyses of Health Surveys for England 1998-2009. Pediatric Obesity doi: 10.1111/j.2047-6310.2013.00159.x Oldroyd, J. et al. (2008). The effectiveness of nutrition interventions on dietary outcomes by relative social disadvantage: a systematic review. Journal of Epidemiological and Community Health 62, pp. 573-579. Toh, C-M. et al. (2002). School based intervention has reduced obesity in Singapore. BMJ 324, pp. 447-462.

Nous, Noology, and the Noosphere

Nous, Noology, and the Noosphere Nous, Noology, and the Noosphere Nous, Noology, and the Noosphere By Maeve Maddox My introduction to nous to mean â€Å"common sense† came from my reading of the Inspector Morse mystery novels by Colin Dexter. Morse frequently tells his long-suffering sergeant, Robbie Lewis, to use his: Morse  interrupted him. â€Å"Christ man, youre not in apron strings.  Use your nous!† Nous comes from ancient Greek philosophy in which it is the word for mind. It entered English with the meanings â€Å"mind, intellect, intelligence,† and â€Å"intuitive apprehension.† British speakers use nous colloquially to mean â€Å"common sense, practical intelligence, or gumption.† Some speakers make it rhyme with house; others with noose. Also deriving from the Greek word for mind are the words noology and noosphere: noology noun: the branch of learning that deals with the mind or thinking; the study of the spiritual or distinctively human aspects of humanity. noosphere noun: the part of the biosphere occupied by thinking humanity; (with reference to the writing of P. Teilhard de Chardin) a stage or sphere of evolutionary development characterized by (the emergence or dominance of) consciousness, the mind, and interpersonal relationships, postulated as following the stage of the establishment of human life. Since the 1940s, these words have been gaining popularity in discussions of cybernetics. We swim in imagination and bring the noosphere alive with collective consciousness. Wired, 1996. This paper also introduces Noology, which is the study of the intellect and intellectual phenomena and explains how Noosphere is connected with Cyberspace.- Abstract of a paper titled Application of Cybernetics in Cyber Criminology. Some people are going beyond the interaction between the noosphere and the physical world and see a link between the Internet and the noosphere.- Waking Times, a news blog. Princeton University’s Global Consciousness Project measures changes in global human consciousness. When random number generators indicate that some great event has â€Å"[synchronized] the feelings of millions of people,† the researchers â€Å"calculate one in a trillion odds that the effect is due to chance.† According to the project’s website, â€Å"the evidence suggests an emerging noosphere or the unifying field of consciousness described by sages in all cultures.† There can be no question that human interaction with computers is affecting the way people think and behave, not necessarily in a desirable way. Computer scientist Jaron Lanier sounds a warning against the consequences of a Web culture dominated by advertising and aimed at imposing conformity in his book You Are Not a Gadget, Knopf, 2010 (paperback, 2011). Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Direct and Indirect ObjectsThe Difference Between "will" and "shall"40 Synonyms for Praise

Comparative and contrast between The United State Of America and Essay

Comparative and contrast between The United State Of America and Australia - Essay Example This relative isolation allowed both nations to develop largely without constant interference from the established powers of the 18th and 19th centuries. Being left to sort out their own problems has led to an isolationist mindset for many Australians and Americans. It has also given both nations a strong feeling of independence and self-sufficiency. These ideals can be seen glamorized by stereotypes such as John Wayne and Crocodile Dundee in the American and Australian cinema. While these characters are stereotypes, they do give insight into virtues both Australians and Americans value, namely, toughness, resiliency and independence. While geography can influence the character of a group of people, other things such as the history and the development of a national identity can be even greater determinants of character. This is one area where Americans and Australians differ greatly. Both were established as colonies by the United Kingdom. This gave them both their individual versions of the English language complete with accents. But that is where the similarities end. America’s impressive string of global achievements has caused Americans to be a very patriotic people. Symbols of the United States, such as the national flag, are very important and are treated with respect. Americans are very proud of their accomplishments as a nation and expect others to respect America as well . Australia, on the other hand, has less of a national fervor concerning patriotism Australians never moved inland from their coastal cities. Therefore, they view themselves more as individual regions than as a nation. Recent clai ms have been made that Australians are increasingly viewing themselves as patriotic, but in a very different way than Americans exhibit their patriotism. A final similarity and difference between the two nations is their governmental and economic structures. Both Americans and Australians live in free democratic

Willow Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Willow - Movie Review Example A few years after he dies too and this is where he discovers the afterlife. It is this bereavement that makes the viewer question their own lives and what would happen if this happened to them. It makes the viewer reflect on the uncertainty of life and how life can turn around within a split moment. When Chris Nielson dies his wife is left behind to grieve not only for the children, but also for her husband. It is not surprising that her sanity is taxed as she finds herself alone in this life. The afterlife displayed in this film is a place where everything happens because of the imagination. This leaves one to question their own beliefs. William Blake offers this unique glimpse at the afterlife where the imagination is the real human truth. The film challenges a persons values when Annie Collins-Nielsen commits suicide after grieving her two children and husband. Before watching this film a person may have had no understanding of suicide, but after watching the film and seeing the very real loss that Annie Collins-Nielsen suffers values, beliefs and ideas about suicide are challenged. Had Chris Nielson not been in such a respectable career where people looked up to him there might not have been such great loss to the whole of the society. Those in lesser known jobs would probably not leave such a huge gap. The fact that Chris Nielson was also working with children will also affect the children in a deeper way. Suddenly the whole society was faced by this loss and parents would have to explain to their children about death and bereavement. After reading chapter 7, what do you think of the quote, "when the collective is hostile to a womans natural life, rather than accept the derogatory or disrespectful labels that are placed upon her, she can and must, like the ugly duckling, hold on, hold out, and search for that which she belongs to.... and preferably outlive,

Current Rights of Women in India Essay Example for Free

Current Rights of Women in India Essay In America women have the right to work, vote, and own just about anything that they can afford. The only thing limiting them is their credit score, or the limit that the bank determines. These may seem like rights that are universal because the reality of America is not the dismays that other countries have to deal with. In other countries this luxury of Equal Rights is not common, and is actually rejected and avoided by all costs. Some countries do not believe in these rights because of their religion, and what they’ve been taught. How can a fundamental value not be learned? Other countries just do not know any different than the man as the hunter or provider, and the woman as the caregiver or housekeeper. These roles in America only recently began to be shared amongst the genders, and to this day these roles are not confirmed by any means. Other countries are beginning to open their mind to other policies mostly because of influences of other cultures, and it is about time this happens. Some of the horrifying conditions that women in India have to deal with are issues that no women would ever want to fathom, and is very unfortunate. Not always being granted the ability to gain an education, being married at a youthful age without any say in the choice of a partner, and unwanted abortion of female fetuses are just a few that surface news channels. Those disturbing issues listed above are what these women have to deal with regularly and have no hope of these problems ever changing because of what some people in some cultures call beliefs. Media has placed great emphasis on the stories that depict that the women’s rights in India have been improving over the past few decades. Improvement can be misinterpreted when a third world country is involved, because any change that is not for the worst can be considered an improvement. What has really improved? Is it going to be up to the women to determine at which point they feel like they are an equal gender in this country? Until this point, there is no telling how long this can take. Cultural Belief of Equality The problem lies in the internal practices of the country. India is a country which mainly operates from the religious inclinations of the population. Be that as it may, how can anyone question their beliefs, and furthermore, who is to say that these practices do or don’t work? Shouldn’t the answer of whether or not their current policies are effective come from the source – the women in this country? In 1926 Sarojini Naidu, the first female president of the Indian National Congress party, had helped achieve the right for women to vote along with the men. It had taken, like most political victories in India for women, a great deal of time and patience (Roy, 2012, para. 15). Indian society is also one of the worlds most culturally diverse, with innumerable linguistic, cultural, and religious groups. Due to the diversity of the Indian populace, Indian policy makers have faced a tough challenge in ensuring that the individual rights of its citizens, including women, are protected (â€Å"Balancing Minority Rights and Gender Justice: The Impact of Protecting Multiculturalism on Womens Rights in India,† 2005, p. 05). This is a country where religion has always ruled their judicial and ethical structure, and because of this it will need to be a common agreement that there needs to be a change from within. The Butalia (1998) website describes a poor woman Rojammas who took a literacy class. She read a story about a woman who had to endure physical abuse from her husband due to his drinking habit. The woman in the story went through the village speaking with the other women to see who had the same problem as her. She determined that the reason for most of the abuse is that their husbands would go to work, and come home and spend all of their money on alcohol. The husbands would get upset when the women weren’t able to feed them because all of their money was spent at the liquor stores. The women rallied and protested at the liquor stores and eventually, in Andhra Pradesh liquor was banned. As a result, families were able to save, violence rates dropped, and life seemed to improve for these people. Unfortunately women are no longer able to be seen in the streets protesting. These brave women were able to make a difference, and had the strength and tools to do so. Since then, their power of protest and voice has been taken. Is this an improvement, and if so, what is next? The nineteenth century was to be considered â€Å"the age of the women†, because all over the world women’s rights and wrongs were the main topic of heated discussion amongst the world. Different countries such and France, Russia, England and Germany began spreading women consciousness, and more towards the mid nineteenth century, Russia began having issues with reformers and anarchist because of the question that was being widely spread across the nations; should women have rights? Although these issues were now arising throughout most countries, in India, the men still see it as men have all power and women obey as they are told. This now brings us with today’s issue that is still being fought in India and even in some other countries. Women now come across broken promises and the â€Å"possibility† of women rights when those rights were already being fought for and stated in the Indian Constitution. In the Constitution it states that â€Å"every single woman’s and girl’s well-being and safety paramount; that their liberties and rights are not to be challenged on the basis of attire or profession; that they are treated equally. † (Women’s Rights in India, 2009) With that being said, this is not the case of what is going on with the women in India; one in particular that was being socially, economically, and politically deprived. This is what is being said about this situation. â€Å"The police commissioner on the other hand has referred to the recent attacks on women as mere incidents of eve teasing. While eve-teasing is itself a term specific to the South Asian region, associated with unsolicited verbal harassment like catcalls, whistles and/or remarks directed towards women, the incidents that he so casually referred to were actual assaults on women for being dressed in western attire. More importantly, even eve teasing calls for action against the perpetrators† (Women’s Rights in India, 2009). It is not ethical for any one person to use their stature for their own personal gain. Although, different countries do have different ethics/cultural ethics, morals and religious beliefs they choose to abide by, does not mean it is not right to degrade women as sexual objects, â€Å"different† because of their personal beliefs, or even their own sense of style. How can one be punished because of the attire they chose to wear? Women have come so far from being just a â€Å"house wife†, to working while World War 1 was taking place, to joining the army to help our fellow soldiers fight for this country, to running as a presidential candidate. Women bleed, breath, think, feel emotion and get hurt physically just like men do, so why do we treat women any differently than a male? If you look back into Egyptian history, Greek Mythology and even some of the â€Å"Gods† that were â€Å"Political† figures to us at one point in time were women: Aphrodite, Artemis, Isis and etc. Women should be granted the exact same rights as the men in this world because they contribute to a lot of the findings we discover, cures we find, the birth our children, some of the things we study and so forth. Will we ever be able to look passed all of the things that we say and do about/towards women? Is it possible to give the rights that we promised for so many years to the women of our country and the other countries that have promised the exact same thing? Discrimination is such a huge discussion amongst our community today because it continues to thrive off of those that are not subjective to change. Change is exactly what we need to bring out the different opinions between cultures, and religious beliefs. Although it is a belief, that does not mean that it is morally right to believe it is ok to treat women in a certain fashion that we see as correct. The mixed bag of laws, bills, commitments, broken promises, new pledges and fresh possibilities for women’s rights comes with its share of anticipation and disappointments. Will promises be converted into laws and will prejudices make way for a little more tolerance and a little less chauvinism? Will social perceptions of women and their traditionally assigned roles in society witness a change under the collective pressure of government laws and social campaigns? And will society eventually look at girls through the same lens that they see boys? And yet hope survives†¦

Independent Research Paper-Internet Security -- essays papers

Independent Research Paper-Internet Security Using the Internet today, there are numerous ways to stay connected to other people also using the Internet. You can use e mail, chat rooms, and the most popular, Instant Messaging. The risks of using e mail have always been evident. Receiving and downloading e mails and attachments from people you do not know always carried the risk of downloading and infecting your computer with one or several viruses that could possibly destroy your computers operating system. On a personal computer, the cost of having your computer destroyed due to a virus would be at the most several hundred to a thousand dollars, depending on whether the whole computer needed to be replaced. But on a computer connected to several or hundreds of other computers, such as a computer would be at a business or company, the potential to ruin hundreds of other computers, causing the loss or potential theft of confidential and very important business oriented information is very high. Software vulnerabilities leave your business vulnerable to serious downtime. But patching can be time-consuming and expensive to maintain. Organizations need an effective patch management program that protects critical assets and makes business sense. For the past couple years, e mail is a very popular way to conduct company oriented business and to distribute important information. Today, however, Instant Messaging is becoming an ever more popular way to conduct meetings and to pass information. Monitoring of e-mail is now corporate policy for most institutions, but regulatory pressure has yet to be extended to IM conversations that happen on free, public networks. â€Å"There are about 60 published IM vulnerabilities†, acco... ...ication and business transactions. But with the proper precautions and software advances, these problems can be diminished and become nearly distinct. Works Cited Home Network Security. Carnegie Mellon . April 5, 2004. . Proventia M Series. Internet Security Systems. April 5, 2004. . Henry Stephen Markus. Home PC Firewall Guide Index. April 5, 2004. . Robert B. Reinhardt. ARINC Research Corporation. An Architectural Overview of UNIX Network Security. April 5, 2004. . Barbara Laswell. Information Security and Education. April 5, 2004. .

Men in the play Essay

â€Å"Cleopatra is always at a significant disadvantage as a woman in a male-dominated world.† What in your opinion are the strengths and weaknesses that the Queen shows as she deals with the men in the play?  Unanimously renowned as the â€Å"harlot queen† [Stanley, 2001] and as a â€Å"lascivious courtesan† [Stanley, 2001], the mercurial Egyptian Queen is anachronistically portrayed by Shakespeare in a more sympathetic attitude than his contemporaries who had diluted her character into an object of carnality. Ostentatiously dissimilar from the female visions of constancy and chastity presented by Octavia and Fulvia, the â€Å"mature and sexual woman† is celebrated for her compassionate love which offers â€Å"the most profound vision of human constancy† [French, 1982] in the patriarchal power struggle between the three Roman triumvirs. Cleopatra, renowned for her physical beauty is shown to have an alluring effect on the men that surround her, often exploiting her appearance to ensnare powerful men to do her bidding. Te extent to her aesthetic manipulation is revealed in the lavish descriptions of her when she first met Antony, who instantaneously seemed to have fallen victim to her charms. The first encounter of the matriarch and her lover, as narrated by Enobarbus, displays the pomp and extravagance of the Queen, the grandeur of which seems to captivate the narrator himself and his Roman colleagues. The â€Å"burnish’d throne† on which she sailed displayed her regality, combining visions of â€Å"gold† and â€Å"purple† when juxtaposed with her beauty which even â€Å"age cannot wither† seemed to present her in a god-like manner that rivals the beauty of Venus. Such hyperbolic descriptions seems to justify the immediate infatuation of Antony and the extent to her physical manipulation, intended or otherwise is seen when the triumvir who is presented in the likeness of Mars and whose power was like â€Å"rattling thunder† is inevitably turned into that of a â€Å"doating mallard†. It is the fall of the General from a position of infinite power to that of a helpless boy that is repeatedly mourned in the play by Romans but also reveals the seductive prowess of Cleopatra whose presence is deemed to be â€Å"the triumph of the voluptuous† [Hazlitt, 1817]. The transformation into a â€Å"strumpet’s fool† is clearly visible in the case of Antony who willingly abandons his duties in Rome, the underlying essence of his role and power. The audience is made visible of Antony’s ensnarement into the â€Å"Egyptian fetters† which he realises he must break if he wants to ever return with honour into the presence of the other triumvirs. It is not only her ability to form unbreakable shackles around her victims but also the consequent emasculation of Antony and her former lover – Julius Caesar as revealed when she gets them to â€Å"lay [their sword] to bed† – the sword being the dominant weapon of choice and phallic symbol of the powerful men’s manliness. Simultaneously assuming the role of a metaphorical embodiment of Venus, dressed in â€Å"cloth-of-gold† but also the personification of her beloved Egypt, she is shown to be an inherently sexual character, unmatched in regality and lustre. Shadowed in political knowledge and militaristic power by the â€Å"triple pillar[s]† of Rome, Cleopatra employs her seductive beauty, enhanced by her ability to wield emotional power to ensure her continued survival. It is often suspected that despite her â€Å"infinite variety† and oscillating moods, her actions always contain a â€Å"deliberate logic† [Danby, 1952]. Her uncanny strength in mentally manipulating Antony is clearly visible in the opening scenes of the play, at the arrival of the messengers at which she suggests that Antony hear them, despite his rejection of them.

Law and morals

Law and morals Part A Law has been defined by Sir John Salmons as the body of principles recognized and applied by the state in administration of Justice. There are two theories on what law Is, the natural law theory and the positivist law theory Lloyd a natural law theorist defined the law as the constant assertion that there are objective moral principles which depend upon the natural of the universe and can be discovered by reason Natural law theorists believe that for law to be valid It must coincide with natural law.Natural law theorist Aristotle describes natural law to be the law of nature. Positivist law theorists such as John Austin would describe law as ‘a law which exists to be law though we happen to dislike It' positivists such as Jeremy Beneath rejected natural law theories, he describes them as ‘nonsense on stilts' his key argument was that natural law was based on principles that could not be proved. Legal positivists believe that a law that is made In a m anner recognized by the sovereign power of the state is valid irrespective of its content.Legal rules have many different characteristics. For example breach of legal rules can result in state sanctions and reoccurred – a S. 47 PAPA 1861 offence carried and a maximum sentence of 5 years. Compliance is not a matter of choice when it comes to legal rules. These rules are imposed upon all members of society. Compulsory compliance applies to judge made decisions as well. The case of R v R established that man could be found guilty of raping his wife, this was a Judge made law.Fuller would argue that this is not valid law as it is retrospective. Legal rules are made and take affect at a precise time. A precedent is created in the Judgment of case and it applies to future cases and rower courts. The legislation will only start to take effect at a precise time for example the Smoke Free Premises and Enforcement Regulations , implemented a ban on smoking in public places , were made on 13th December 2006 but came in to effect on the 1st of July 2007.Phil Harris defines society ‘Morality as a set of beliefs, values, principles and standards of behavior. Compliance with moral rules is voluntary, so people have a choice as to whether or not they follow these. People make personal decisions as to what they consider moral and immoral. Moral duties of Individuals ray. For example some people may believe that abortion is immoral while others consider It acceptable. Moral rules develop gradually. They often stem from religious rules made thousands of years ago.Over time, what society once considered Immoral, can become acceptable. For example attitudes towards homosexuality continue to change Moral rules are enforced Informally , usually through social or domestic pressure for example John terry lost his title as the England football team captain because of his Infidelity Sir John Salmons describes the relationship teen law and morality as two Intersecting circle s, with the Intersection representing laws with moral values and the separate areas for laws and morals with no connection.Many laws have a moral connection such as the law against murdering another person this can be traced back to religious scriptures such as the 10 Commandments and is punishable by a mandatory life sentence Public morality can influence changes in the law, like abortion was legalized by the Abortions Act consenting adults as society changed to accept homosexuality the more law has followed this change by reducing the age of consent to make it the same for trousseaux couples in 2000. Law reform may result from a campaign to change public morality. Howard league for penal reform persuaded the government to take a look at capital punishment.The government refused to change the laws because society considered death penalty to be morally correct. Subsequently a pressure group was set up, during the years of 1955-1957 public opinion was changed by the campaign; and the government introduced laws to abolish the death penalty Public morality can be influenced by law reform such as the Disability Discrimination Act 995 as by the Disability Discrimination Act 2005, which makes it against the law to discriminate against disable people in any areas of employment, education, access to goods, facilities and services and the function of public authorities.It can be argued that legislation is introduced to with the aim of educating the public to recognize morally wrong behavior. Thus demonstrating the convergence between the two Some legal rules appear to have no moral connection. Like the fact that smoking tobacco and drinking alcohol is legal but cannabis is illegal. Road traffic laws such as irking on a yellow line. In Britain there is no Good Samaritan law, however we all have a moral duty to help those around us if they are in danger.For example a passer-by will not be legally held responsible if they don't help someone drowning. But they do have a mo ral duty to help them this was shown in 2007 when 2 Peso's were subjected to bad media and moral outcry when they failed to help a drowning boy. The reason for divergence between moral and legal rules is that the moral attitude might not me widespread and they may not reflect popular morality The UK as a large multicultural, multiracial society, with citizens with different views on politics and religion.For example some people regard abortion as immoral while others see it as acceptable for medical reasons only at the second reading of the human fertilization and embryology bill on may 20th 2008 MSP voted against reducing the current 24 weeks abortion limit to 20 weeks. Therefore demonstrating that although there is a relationship between Law and Morality it will always be partial. Art B The wolfed report was issued in 1957; it was set up to consider the law relating to nonsexual acts & prostitution, also to see the function of the criminal law in such cases. The committee said the function of the law is to pressure public order and decency and to protect citizens from what is offensive or injurious and to provide sufficient safeguards against exploitation and corruption of others, particularly those who are vulnerable.The function of the committee is not to intervene in private life of citizens or to enforce any particular pattern of behavior. The committee made three proposals which were, homosexual acts between two concerting adults should e made legal, soliciting in the streets should be made an offence and selling of services for money should be a private matter. The Hart and Devils debate was prompted by the wolfed report by the wolfed report. The focus of the debate was the extent to which the law can enforce moral rules.Lord Devils set out his view in a book (the enforcement of morals, with Hart setting up his views in his own book that the minority should not be made to conform to the view of the majority when in private. Sir James Stephen argued in his book liberty, equality, fraternity (1874) that o shouldn't attempt to distinguish between self-regarding act and acts which regards others is like an attempt to distinguish between acts which happen in time and acts that may happen in space.The wolfed report supported Harts view that law and morality should be separate, however various cases decided since the report show that Judges are imposing their moral views on their Judgments, for example R v Brown. This is an example of how moral change led to legal change. Devil's views are in line with those of Sir James Stephen, as Devils believed that individual privacy should be respect.

3 Reasons Why The Handmaid’s Tale Remains Relevant

3 Reasons Why 'The Handmaid’s Tale' Remains Relevant The Handmaid’s Tale is the second dystopian work of speculative fiction - after George Orwell’s 1984 - to suddenly appear on top of the bestseller lists years after its release. The renewed interest in Margaret Atwood’s classic story of a post-apocalyptic America dominated by a puritanical religious sect that reduces most women to subjugated breeder status stems from both the current political atmosphere in the United States and the adaptation airing on Hulu starring Elizabeth Moss, Alexis Bledel, and Joseph Fiennes. What’s interesting about The Handmaid’s Tale is how many people assume it’s much older than it actually is. The book was originally published in 1985, and while that’s 32 years ago many people are surprised it wasn’t penned in the 1950s or 1960s; blame this on our tendency to believe that the present and very recent past are fairly enlightened. People assume the book was written during what some see as the final gasp of patriarchy- before birth control and the women’s liberation movement started the slow, agonizing process of pursuing equality for women and raising consciousness around the world. On the other hand, a book written three decades ago still resonates with a particular power. Hulu didnt adapt The Handmaid’s Tale as a revered classic kept behind glass, but rather as a pulsing, living work of literature that speaks to modern-day America. Not many books can retain that kind of power for thirty years, and The Handmaid’s Tale remains a powerfully current story- for three distinct reasons that go beyond politics. Margaret Atwood Just Updated It One aspect of The Handmaid’s Tale that is often overlooked is the author’s dedication to the story. When the author herself regards the story as a living, breathing work and continued to discuss and develop the ideas within it, the story retains some of the immediacy that surrounded it upon publication. In fact, Atwood has actually just expanded the story. As part of the launch of the updated audio version of the novel on Audible (recorded by Claire Danes in 2012, but with a completely new sound design) Atwood wrote both an afterward discussing the book and its legacy, but also new material that extends the story. The book famously ends with the line â€Å"Are there any questions?† The new material comes in the form of an interview with Professor Piexoto, which is the sort of thing fans dream about. The material is performed by a full cast in the Audible version, giving it a rich, realistic feel. It’s also a little mind-bending, since the ending of the novel makes it clear that the good professor is discussing Offred’s story far in the future, long after Gilead has disappeared, based on audio recordings she left behind, which Atwood herself has noted makes the Audible version appropriate. It’s Not Really Science Fiction ... or Fiction First of all, we should note that Atwood dislikes the term â€Å"science fiction† when applied to her work, and prefers â€Å"speculative fiction.† It might seem like a subtle point, but it makes sense. The Handmaid’s Tale doesn’t actually involve any weird science or anything implausible. A revolution establishes a Theocratic dictatorship that severely limits all human rights (and especially those of women, who are even forbidden to read) while ecological factors reduce the fertility of the human race significantly, resulting in the creation of Handmaids, fertile women who are used for breeding. None of that is particularly sci-fi. Secondly, Atwood has stated that nothing in the book is made-up- in fact, she’s said there is â€Å"... nothing in the book that didn’t happen, somewhere.† That’s part of the chilling power of The Handmaid’s Tale. All you need to do is check out some of the darker areas of the Internet, or even some of the legislative bodies around the country, to see that male attitudes towards women haven’t changed nearly as much as we might like. When the Vice President of the United States won’t have dinner alone with a woman who isn’t his wife, it’s not hard to imagine a world not so different from Atwood’s vision coming around... again. In fact, many seem to have forgotten the 1991 film adaptation of the book, with a script written by Harold Pinter and a cast featuring Natasha Richardson, Faye Dunaway, and Robert Duvall- a film that almost didn’t get made despite the power of those names because the project encountered â€Å"a wall of ignorance, hostility, and indifference,† according to journalist Sheldon Teitelbaum as reported in The Atlantic. He goes on to say that â€Å"Movie executives declined to back the project, stating ‛that a film for and about women †¦ would be lucky if it made it to video.’† Next time you wonder if The Handmaid’s Tale is so far-fetched, consider that statement. Theres a reason women in Texas recently dressed as Handmaids as a form of protest. The Book Is Constantly Under Attack You can often judge the power and influence of a novel by the number of attempts that are made to ban it- another ghostly echo when you consider that women in the novel are forbidden to read. The Handmaid’s Tale was the 37th most-challenged book of the 1990s, according to the American Library Association. As recently as 2015, parents in Oregon complained that the book contained sexually explicit scenes and was anti-Christian, and students were offered an alternative book to read (which is certainly better than an outright ban). The fact that The Handmaid’s Tale continues to be on the receiving end of these sorts of attempts is directly related to how powerful its ideas are. It’s a slippery slide from celebrating supposedly â€Å"traditional values† and gender roles to enforcing those roles in a cruel, humorless, and terrifying way. Atwood has stated that she wrote the novel in part to â€Å"fend off† the grim future she laid out in its pages; with the release of the new Audible material and the Hulu adaptation, hopefully a new generation of people will be inspired to fend off that future as well. The Handmaid’s Tale remains a living, breathing work of potential history that’s well worth reading or listening to.

Understanding and Identifying Douglas Firs

Understanding and Identifying Douglas Firs Douglas fir  (or Doug fir) is the English name applied in common to most evergreen coniferous trees of the genus Pseudotsuga  which is in the family Pinaceae. There are five species, two in western North America, one in Mexico, and two in eastern Asia. Douglas Fir Is Confusing to Taxonomists The firs most common name honors a Scottish botanist by the name of David Douglas, a collector of botanical specimens who first reported the extraordinary nature and potential of the species. On his second expedition to North Americas Pacific Northwest in 1824, he discovered what was to eventually be scientifically named Pseudotsuga menziesii. Because of its distinctive cones, Douglas firs were finally placed in the new genus Pseudotsuga (meaning false Tsuga) by the French botanist Carrià ¨re in 1867. Doug firs gave 19th-century botanists problems due to their similarity to various other conifers better known at the time; they have at times been classified as Pinus, Picea, Abies, Tsuga, and even Sequoia. The Common North American Douglas Fir Douglas fir is one of the most important timber trees on earth in terms of forest products. It can grow large over centuries but will usually be harvested within a century because of its wood value. The good news is that it is a common non-endangered tree and the most plentiful western conifer in North America. This common fir has two Pacific coastal and Rocky Mountain variants or varieties. The coastal tree grows to a height of 300 feet where the Rocky Mountain variety only reaches 100 feet.   Pseudotsuga menziesii  var. menziesii  (called coastal Douglas fir) grows  in the moist coastal regions from west-central  British Columbia  southward to central  California. These firs in Oregon and Washington range from the  eastern edge of the Cascade mountain range to the Pacific ocean.Pseudotsuga menziesii  var. glauca  (called Rocky Mountain Douglas fir) is a smaller fir that tolerates drier sites and grows along with the coastal variety and throughout the Rocky Mountains to Mexico. Quick Identification of Douglas Fir Douglas fir is not a true fir so both the needle formations and the unique cone can throw you off. The cone has unique snake tongue-like forked bracts creeping out from under the scales. These cones are nearly always intact and plentiful both on and under the tree. True firs have needles that are upturned and not whorled. Doug fir is not a true fir and needles are singly wrapped around the twig and between 3/4 to  1.25 inches long with a white line underneath. The needles are deciduous (but may persist), linear or needle-like, not prickly like spruce, and singly whorled around the twig. Doug fir is also a  favorite Christmas tree  and adapts well to commercial plantations well out of its natural range. The Most Common North American Conifer List Baldcypress  CedarDouglas firFirHemlock  Larch PineRedwoodSpruce

Civil Justice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Civil Justice - Essay Example What is noted in this research is that normal, everyday people who would normally not associate themselves in any criminal actions feel impacted by their sociological and environmental situations (such as the hurricane) to go ahead and commit crime. The behavior of these actions is solely based on personal choice or we could say a rational type of theory of crime. This paper explores many reasons into the behaviors of crime as well as a little of the biological issues. It also offers up some of the criminal actions that are considered to be of a more detrimental nature to society as a whole. Any type of criminal behavior poses a threat to society but there are specific criminal actions that would seem to pose more of a higher percentage of concern. One of the scariest and deadly has to do with those who would stalk their unsuspecting victims. Although the definition of stalking varies from state to state the most common perception of this activity is of someone being involved with actions that almost certainly place an individual in a state of fear for their life (Using: National Center for Victims of Crime 1995). This form of crime has only just recently received the distinct classification of separation from other associative acts classified in the area of domestic violence. The reasons for this are difficult to pinpoint but the main assumption is due to the fact that the need to focus more fully on combating and minimizing it is the main cause of the legal changes stemming from its occurrences. This specific crime is difficult to find an estimate for simply because i t is not reported by law enforcement like other crimes are. However, an approximated figure could be guessed to be around 1 in every 20 women in America will at some point become a victim of a stalker. Since Congress passed the 1994 Crime Bill, better statistics are now available to correctly calculate and determine how prevalent this type of violent criminal activity has become (Using: National Center for Victims of Crime 1995). Sociological Factors of Stalking Also, there are various phases of stalking and different reasons for the act of this crime taking place. It could be relative from an obsession over someone or it could be a simple obsession where an actual romantic relationship did in fact take place. In this category there are defining characteristics that lead up and actually provide a more concise interpretation of the stalking activity. These character traits are as follows: Socially maladjusted and inept Emotionally immature Often subject to feelings of powerlessness Unable to succeed in relationships by socially acceptable means Jealous bordering on paranoid Extremely insecure about themselves and suffering from low self-esteem (Using: National Center for Victims of Crime 1995). These are all typical characteristics and all of which can lead the possible offender into perpetrating violent tendencies towards the person of their obsession and stalking. Quite possibly it is these types of stalking cases, which stem from domestic violence situations, which have been found to be the most lethal type of stalking activities. In fact, these cases have a 75% higher risk of the victim being murdered by the stalker than in other

The Solar System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Solar System - Essay Example Our solar system can be said as the example of the above case [Nebula: Wikipedia]. It is believed that the formation of nebulae is the result of supernova explosions. One example of such is Crab Nebula, in Taurus, which is result of recorded supernova in 1054 AD. Also at the center of a nebula, a neutron star exists. It is also believed that the nebulae are created at the end of star’s life (star greater than 1.4 solar masses), when they become red giant and unable to sustain their entire mass [Nebula: Wikipedia]. In 1734, Emanuel Swedenborg had proposed the current accepted theory of planetary formation, which is know as the nebular hypothesis. Later in 1755, Immanuel Kant having familiar with the theory of Swedenborg developed this theory further. Kant said that nebulae slowly rotate, gradually collapsing and flattering due to gravity and eventually forms stars and planets. In 1796, Pierre-Simon Laplace had proposed similar model for nebulae [Nebular hypothesis: Wikipedia]. The nebular hypothesis states that a planetary system begins as a large (~10,000AU), roughly spherical cloud of very cold interstellar gas, which is a part of larger molecular cloud. This nebula is dense enough so that begins to contract under its own gravity and collapse of this been initiated by a pressure wave from nearby event, shock wave from a supernova, compressing the molecular cloud and thus forming the resulting star and planets. During collapse, three physical processes shape the nebula: it heats up, its spin increases, and it flattens [Nebular hypothesis: Wikipedia]. At the center of the solar nebulas, an increasingly dense protostar created because of gravity. The protostar gradually compacts further (about 10-50 million years) during the process of planet formation in the disk, reaching the conditions of temperature and pressure needed to initiate hydrogen nuclear fusion (star born). Initially microscopic seeds of solid

English Church Schools Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

English Church Schools - Essay Example This change had been taking place, not only in Britain, but also in other European countries. As minorities got stronger, they started voicing their demands and insecurities. Government slowly realised that education for the children had been stagnant without taking into consideration the need to alter it. It also decided in the last three decades education had not been modernised. In Britain, as Henry VIII rebelled against the authority of the Pope, monarchs become the Head of the Religious faith. Britain, after Henry VIII incident, had its own Church and other connected institutions. After the Second World War, Britain had evolved into a multi-lingual and multi-cultural society, with many voices, demands, languages, cultures and religions. People from erstwhile colonies have made Britain their home, along with other asylum seekers and quite naturally, they all have become part of Britain now. Government had to protect their needs and requirements too. This led to a more coherent government policy and church schools have been asked to accommodate students of other faiths, a nd with effective guidance from cultural leaders, they have to reduce their Christian outlook to a large extent and teach children about other cultures. They have realised that they have to modernise their outlooks with the changes brought by the changing times. They are neither vehement about Christianity, nor reluctant to change. Till recently, we can say that nothing much has been done in this direction, even though this is a very important element of a welfare state. "One important target of active states is the school institution and its influence over how children are socialized. Since the Reformation, civic leaders have made grand claims about the magical effects of mass schooling and the secular state's power to expand it. But only in the past decade has research matured on both the causes and economic consequences of school expansion," (Fuller and Rubinson, 1992, p.1). Church schools might not sound and look like the best places to accommodate alien cultures. The stereotype and traditional church schools of olden days would never have taught anything other than Christianity. Fortunately, today, religious institutions are changing according to the time and requirements. Hence, most of these schools are accommodating the multi-cultural and multi-faith demands of British society. Even though they are still being called as 'Church Schools', run by the societies and funds belonging to the Church of England mainly, their function and focus has enormously shifted in recent years. Even Churches have accepted that Christianity is not the only religion in United Kingdom. They are not only providing multi-culture based education today, but also they are welcoming students from other cultures to join the schools without any discrimination in admission. They are also trying to know more about diverse cultures, so that they could be right in their approach. "It is also important to recognize the extent to which changes in education policy are influenced by larger social and economic developments. The analysis draws us back clearly to political questions as lying at the heart of education policy, which is, after all, about the choices that governments made," (Levin, 2001, p.18). Church schools, which were considered to be stuffy at one point of time, have changed so much in their approach, that it is not at all difficult for them to provide

Discuss Effect Of Good Nutrition On Wound Management Nursing Essay

Discuss Effect Of Good Nutrition On Wound Management Nursing Essay This essay will discuss nutrition and the effects it has on wound management, and what impact communication skills have on patients health. I will include some information about my experience of wound management, while working along side my mentor in a rehabilitation unit, for a patient who was admitted with multiple scleroses (M.S), the patient is wheel chair bound and had a pressure sore which developed into a sacral sinus wound (grade 4). In accordance with the Nursing and Midwifery Council (2008), Guidelines on Confidentiality, I will refer to the patient as Ben, who is 72 years old. Bens wound had caused extensive destruction of his tissues and damaged to his muscle and supporting structures. A swab was taken and reports confirmed that his wound had been infected with (Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) MRSA. Flanagan(2000) states that age reduced mobility, malnutrition, incontinence, skin integrity, friction, moisture, and pain. It can lead to skin breakdown and wound developing. Bens observation were taken regularly, he had a supra pubic catheter, which was monitored on regular basis to minimize the risk of infection, Bens bowel motion was also assessed; it was made sure that the wound would not be contaminated with overflow of bowel. His over all conditions were monitored every day but his dressing were not changed every day. The nurse, my mentor, was using a local wound assessment chart for managing his wound. The chart was used for the assessment of his wound and every time it was updated after changing the dressing. All changes and appearance of the wound were noted down in the chart. Progress in daily assessment and plan of care were noted down in the chart to carry out regular reassessment of his wound. According to Eunis and Menesis (2000), the excess of exudates within the wound can also inhibit healing, control of exudates is therefore essential. This is usually achieved by selecting a dressing of the appropriate absorbency. The nurse selected an Aqua Cell Silver dressing to use for Bens wound, as his wound was infected with MRSA. (Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus). British National Formulary (2006) says that aqua cell silver is an appropriate dressing for infected wounds. Gunnewicht and Bun (2004) described that if the wound is clean, healthy, granulating and happy; it does not require cleaning because the wound exudate itself has beneficial bactericidal properties, which may be inappropriateely removed. The general strategy of my mentor, in the cleansing of Bens wound was based on providing minimal necessary intervention. She was using normal saline to clean the wound. Griffiths et al (2001) stated that the solution should be of a non- irritant and free of bacteria. Normal saline is the most commonly used wound cleaner, it is best to use the solution at body temperature. We identified and addressed the nutritional needs of Ben. This was of a puree diet and the supervision of his meal times, to aid optimum recovery. A dietition was envolved in Bens nutritional needs. It is obvious that nutrition plays a crucial role in wound healing. All patients with wounds should have appropriate nutritional assessment. If a patients nutritional status is compromised, and they are unlikely to meet their requirements, recovery will be delayed. Boon (1998) said that a good nutritional assessment involves the multidisciplinary approach including medical, nursing and dietretic staff. Ben was kept on a food chart which was updated everyday after each meal. The correct quantities of Bens intake were entered on the chart. If we examine the importance of nutrients, we would know that they have key roles in the healing process, such as, protein depletion can affect the rate of wound healing because it is required for the granulation of tissues, carbohydrates are also a part of healing process, cellular activity is fuelled by adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is derived from glucose, providing the energy for the inflammatory response to occur. If carbohydrates are not sufficient, the body breaks down proteins to provide glucose for cellular activity. Therefore, carbohydrates are required as well as proteins. Ben was given fruit yougurt or pudding after every meal, mash potato and meat were the regular part of his diet along with some mashed vegitables. Fats and vitamins have a key role in cell membrane structure and function, certain fatty acids are essential as they cannot be synthesised in sufficient amounts, so must be provided by diet. Williams and leaper (2000) states that B complex vitamins are co-factors or co-enzymes in a number of matabolic functions involved in wound healing, particularly in the energy release from carbohydrates. The doctor had prescribed 30mg of zinc per day for six weeks, along with multivitaminal tablets. According to Grey and Cooper (2001) vitamin C has an important role in collagen synthesis in the formation of bonds between strands of collagen fibre, while vitamin K is involved in the formation of thrombin. Deficiency of vitamin K (in the presence of wound) can lead to haematoma. Vitamin A supports the proliferation of epithelial cells. Minerals like zinc, iron and copper play a vital role in wound healing. Zinc is required for protein synthesis and also has an inhibitory effect on bacterial growth; it is envolved in the immune response. Long term of zinc supplimentation must be accompained by copper supplimantation to prevent zinc induced copper deficiency. The deficiency of copper and iron delay wound healing.Perkins (2000), defined that the ideal way to meet requirements of nutritional needs, is by consuming adequate intake of normal food. My mentor and I were spending time with Ben, explaining and educating him about the process of his wound healing and the importance of medication, nursing interventions and nutrition. I felt that Ben needed support and care for his treatment. According to Quality and Safety in Health Care (2008) Communication looks easy when it is done well, it requires engagement, empathy, and ability to listen and respond, and it requires time. To conclude: I feel that wound care requires multi skills and broad spectrum of knowledge because nurses are the first one to take responsibilities of wound care. Bens wound care management and assessment provided me with opportunities, which enabled me to improve my knowledge and understanding of wound care. I feel I have improved my confidence about the wound management.

The Cochlear Implant :: deaf community

The Cochlear Implant   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The cochlear implant is possibly one of the greatest inventions designed to benefit the deaf community. A cochlear implant is a device implanted internally behind a deaf persons ear with an external microphone, and is designed to provide artificial sounds to people who have nerve deafness in both ears and show no ability to understand speech through hearing aids. Since the development of the cochlear implant in the 1960’s, more than 10,000 people worldwide have been implanted with this device.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Although this may seem like the perfect device to aid deafness, a lot of controversy still exists about the cochlear implant. There are many advantages and disadvantages about the implant. I will start by discussing the advantages.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The cochlear implant has allowed many deaf people to live out ‘hearing lives’. During the 1960’s, more primitive implants allowed for partial hearing, the percentage of words that could be understood without lip reading was about 12%, But with modern technology, that number has risen to about 80%, making conversations with a deaf person and a hearing person possible through speech without the use of sign language. Deaf people who have experienced hearing and language skills previously, benefit much more from the implant because they do not have to learn new sounds or words.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Although the cochlear implant can benefit deaf people greatly, there are still many disadvantages. Of the 15 million people in the U.S. with significant hearing loss. Less than 1% are potential candidates the the cochlear implant. There is no standardized criteria for accepting or rejecting a candidate, but they often need to meet audiological, medical, and psychological criteria. As with all surgeries, there is some degree of risk, but because of the anatomical location being so close to the brain, these risks are much greater. Even though the cochlear implant may be suitable for more deaf

Internal Entrepreneurship at the Dow Chemical

The Dow Chemical Company was a leader company in science and technology, offering plastic and agriculture products in 2002. However, from 1995, Dow Chemical Company had ever lost its profit for several years especially in 1998. Dow Chemical Company tried to stop the decreasing so that it launched an initiative ‘E-epoxy. com venture’ in 2000. The purpose of this project was earning more small customers and spot market customers to increase the market shares. STRENGTH 1. Epoxy was a specialty, high margin business. The top 20% of its global customers have generated 80% of its revenue.Dow Chemical Company can take this advantage to expand the business oversea. 2. Epoxy was a creative online channel in the market. It was very convince for not only local customers but also global customers to purchase products online without calling or faxing. 3. Dow Chemical Company would be the first mover using online system to process the orders. Moreover, the cost of launching this onlin e system was not expensive. Using this system could lead Dow Chemical Company to the head position in electronic marketplace and ahead of other traditional competitors. . It was more flexible for managers to use online system to attract more customers. For example, Telford can provide promotion code to some particular customers via E-mail. Some customers might feel interesting and order products on E-epoxy. com because of special price. 5. Telford is an experienced employee who has worked in Dow Chemical Company for many years. He has exceptional ability to understand stakeholders’ thought and was aggressive to operate Epoxy project. WEAKNESS 1.Although customers can order products online, Dow Chemical Company still needed to contact with customers to clarify and confirm the order sometimes. It would increase the labor cost and decrease the order process efficiency. 2. Capacity utilization was a problem as well. The capacities of epoxy were in the range of 30 ktpa to over 100 ktpa. Dow Chemical Company has not enough capacities to fit the needs of new customers in the future. 3. The product price should be clear on the website. However, it might be inappropriate because Dow Chemical Company always changes the price according to different customers.Price transparency would potentially limit sales’ negotiating ability. 4. Telford wanted to charge distributors higher price because of other service such as a wide product palette and technical assistance. It might make Dow Chemical Company lose some distributor customers. 5. The E-epoxy. com was available everywhere. However, the language problem and currency problems were still need to be solved. For instance, Brazil didn’t allow Dow Chemical Company using US dollars as currency on the website. OPPORTUNITY 1. With new sales tool–E-epoxy. om, Dow Chemical Company has opportunity to expand its business globally. Dow Chemical Company could earn more market shares by this low-cost and effic iency online tool. 2. In order to fit increasing demand in the future, Dow Chemical Company needs to build its capacity utilization. It might be a chance for Dow Chemical Company to be the top huge company because of abundant production ability. 3. Smaller customers had less ability to negotiate the price with distributor. Distributors might charge them much price than ordering products from Dow Chemical Company directly.Smaller customers might love to order products online due to cost down. THREAT 1. The regulations of foreign government might change in the future. As the problems Dow Chemical Company faced in Brazil, Brazil didn’t allow Dow Chemical Company to use US dollars on the website. Other countries’ government might also change the policy like tax increasing or currency change and it might threaten Dow Chemical Company a lot. 2. In order to do something dramatic to push home the importance of his venture, Telford started a rumor via E-mail in the market.Altho ugh no one really condemned this event, that didn’t mean nobody would argue on day. Telford created a potential bomb for company. 3. Dow Chemical Company has less experience to manage website. Dow Chemical Company might waste money in a wrong way to operate E-epoxy. com. However, other competitors can learn Dow Chemical Company’s experience and avoid failure in the market. RECOMMEDATION 1. Dow Chemical Company needs to improve its website day by day to fit customers’ new needs. Moreover, Dow Chemical Company can build up other service at the same time.For example, Dow Chemical Company can mimic what it did on EpiCenter. Dow Chemical Company can create a specific contact phone number for customers to contact with sales immediately. Customers can get information from website or phone service. 2. Dow Chemical Company could offer more discounts on the website to inspire the sales. If Dow Chemical Company want to higher the price for distributors, Dow Chemical Compan y should offer something new and only available for distributors to attract them make orders. .Dow Chemical Company needs a well-organized strategy group for incoming international business. Because of the cultural difference, local currency, different language, and different consumer behavior, Dow Chemical Company should have a professional team to deal with country differences. For instance, the team members should have rich foreign working experience and ability to speak in foreign language. It would be helpful for Dow Chemical Company to enter global market.

Comparitive Study Between Euripides’ Alcestis and Hippolytus

Euripides, youngest of the three great Greek tragedians, was born c. 485 BC though he was scarcely a generation younger than Sophocles, his world view better reflects the political, social, and intellectual crises of late 5th-century Athens. Euripides' enormous range spans contradictory tendencies:   He was both a rationalist and a romanticist;  he both criticized the traditional gods and celebrated religious phenomena He incorporated the new intellectual and scientific movements into his works but also conveyed the irresistible power of the irrational. Original and experimental, he parodied the conventions of tragedy and also used new theories about the illusionist and deceptive powers of language. He created tragicomic plots. His Alcestis and Hippolytus are his two great plays. We will notice many similarities in Euripidean plays. There are many similarities in Alcestis and Hippolytus and also have some dissimilarities. Comparative studies between these plays are discussed below. In ancient Greek tragedy there has several parts—Prologue, Parados, Episode. the first Stasimon the second Episode, the second Stasimon, the third Episode, the third Stasimon, the fourth Episode, the fifth Stasimon and Exodos. The plot structures of both plays are same. In both play we find Prologue, Parados, Episode, the first Stasimon the second Episode, the second Stasimon, the third Episode, the third Stasimon, the fourth Episode, the fifth Stasimon and Exodos and also choral ode with strophe and antistrophe. In both play the unity of time, pla ce and action have been maintained. Both plays are written in Iambic Pentameter. Both Alcestis and Hippolytus open with prologue or monologue which is a common characteristic of Greek plays . In both plays the audience have lost their interest from the very beginning because everything has been told before in the prologue. The play Alcestis begins with the prologue of the god Apollo. Here Apollo stops death from taking the life of Admetus and predicts that Alcestis will die instead of Admetus. He also predicts that Alcestis’ life will be saved by Heracles, the demi god. Similarly the play Hippolytus also begins with the monologue of the goddess Aphrodite. In the play Aphrodite the goddess of love, is angry with Hippolytus because of his devotion to Artemis, the goddess of chastity and hunting. So she makes a plan to ruin the life of Hippolytus, phadra and Theseus as well. Chorus plays a very significant role in Greek plays. The appearance of chorus is mandatory in Greek plays. In the plays of Sophocles the chorus continually present on the stage. In Euripides the picture is quite different. His plays are relatively complex. He experienced difficulties in retaining chorus. In Alcestis The entry of the chorus, or the â€Å"parodos† sequence, follows: a chorus of fifteen men of Pherae, led by a â€Å"coryphaeus† (chorus-leader), enter the orchestra of the theatre. The chorus-leader complains that they are in a state of suspense, ignorant of whether they ought to be performing mourning rituals for their queen. The chorus' lyrical ode, to which they dance as they sing, consists of two paired stanzas of strophe and antistrophe. They sing of the silence that greets their search for signs of mourning, the evidence of Alcestis' death. When goodness dies,† they lament, â€Å"all good men suffer, too. † The chorus-leader concludes by dismissing the chorus' search for hope in the situation: â€Å"The King has exhausted every ritual. † The Chorus is significant here and active. They informed the audience about what is happening inside the palace. Unlike Seneca’s chorus, the chorus is very active and plays a very important r ole. In Hippolytus the chorus is composed of fifteen women of Troy. In this play the chorus is mostly passive. For in a Sophoclean play the chorus announces new comers. In Hippolytus the chorus is not as active as Sophoclean tragedy. They inform the audience of the death of his wife. But under no circumstances could they speak of the criminal passion of Phaedra for Hippolytus. That would have been the height of impropriety. That is why Phaedra has to lay bare her heart to the Nurse. It is Artemis who informed Theseus of what actually happened. What mortals fail to do, Dues ex machine can. The choruses in Hippolytus therefore do not serve any important purpose as they do in the tragedies of Aeschylus and Sophocles. Euripides always highlights the role of servant or nurse throughout his plays. He always highlights the salve character. In Alcestis it is the servant who reveals the secret to Heracles that their queen is dead. Heracles gets drunk and begins irritating the servants, who loved their queen and are bitter at not being allowed to mourn her properly. Finally, one of the servants snaps at the guest and tells him what has happened. Heracles is terribly embarrassed at his blunder and his bad behavior, and he decides to ambush and confront Death and save Alcestis from the clutches of Death. Similarly in Hippolytus it is nurse who reveals the secret of her queen to Hippolytus which hastens the death of Phaedra. Phaedra took her Nurse into her confidence. But the nurse foolishly exposed the truth to Hippolytus. So we can say in both plays. Euripides reveals the truth by a slave character. Aeschylus and Sophocles had implicit faith in the Olympian gods and goddesses. Euripides had refined sensibility and looks at the divinities a little critically disciple of Xenophanes and Anaxagoras, he had a rational outlook on men and things. He was not a skeptic, far less an atheist. He profusely used the traditional myth and legends. In Alcestis, Admetus  forgot to sacrifice to Artemis, and consequently found his marriage chamber full of coiled serpents. Apollo bade King Admetus  appease the goddess, and meanwhile he obtained (because Admetus  1 was such a kind master towards him) a special favour of the MOERAE: that when Admetus  1 should be about to die, he might be released from death, if someone should choose voluntarily to die for him. â€Å"In Admetus I found a godly man. And so I rescued him from death by tricking the MOERAE. These goddesses promised me that Admetus could escape an immediate death by giving in exchange another corpse to the powers below. † (Apollo. Euripides, Alcestis 10). Alcestis dies in vicarious death Admetus could not find someone who would die for him. Only because of the role of Apollo, Admetus’ life saves and Alcestis dies instead of him. Euripides makes gods and goddesses questionable. In Alcestis, Alcestis dies because Admetus could not find someone who would die for him. Only because of the role of Apollo, Admetus’ life saves and Alcestis dies instead of him. Here the justice of Apollo is definitely questionable. In Hippolytus, the Olympian gods and goddesses plays a very important role although they are presented in the play in an unpleasant way. Hippolytus is very much devoted to the goddess Artemis and do not worship Aphrodite which makes the goddess angry and she made a plan which ruins the life of Hippolytus, Phaedra and Theseus as well. The main theme of this play is the conflict between love and chastity, infact it is the conflict between Aphrodite and Artemis. Artemis is not also totally blameless. She could have save her favorite but didn’t do so. Although the god Poseidon does not appear physically but he plays a very significant role in this play. He too is responsible for the death of Hippolytus. Euripides portrayal of women in his plays has been somewhat bizarre. His female characters kill out of revenge, kill out of jealousy and kill because a god possessed them too. Women occasionally assert dominance in the household; although, even within the home they posses limited influence over their husbands. An interesting theme runs through Euripides theatrical tragedies Alcestis and Hippolytus. In each play the lead female character forgoes her life for the sake of love. In Alcestis, Alcestis willingly gives her life to prevent her husband Admentus' death. In Hippolytus, Phaedra chooses to commits suicide as a result of falling in love with her husband’s son and refusing to be deceitful to her husband. Although Alcestis’ love should be considered as moral and virtuous where as Phaedra’s passion for her son was immoral, incestuous and illegal. In these two plays, a major female character challenges the predominately masculine centre pf power and authority and in some way questions the limits of that power. Alcestis forces her husband to confront the gap between the value that he attaches to family ties and affections and the honorific exchange of guest relationship that belong to the outward-facing world of male prerogatives. Phaedra’s erotic passion invades the garden world of idealized purity that Hippolytus would create with his virginal huntress-goddess, Artemis and shatters its defense by opening it up to the power of Aphrodite that he has rejected (both for himself and others) so absolutely. In the process, Phaedra also releases the suppressed violence and hatred that fuel Hippolytus’ total rejection of Aphrodite. .Although Phaedra has passionate desires for her stepson she is thoroughly ashamed of these feelings and as a result of her shame she decides to die by starving herself. She also condemns women who are unfaithful to their husbands as she says ‘And I despise them, women who preach faithfulness to husbands but dare the worst behind their backs. ’ Euripides, therefore, presents Phaedra as a moral woman who is just an unlucky victim of Aphrodite In these two cases the women are impelled to their actions by their intense emotional commitment to house and family. Alcestis and Phaedra both try to ensure their children’s future; and each is prepared to sacrifice her life in the process, although in diametrically opposite ways. In the play Hippolytus we notice the growth and development in Phaedra’s character. She is a dynamic or round character. But Alcestis does not have any growth and development throughout the play. She is a static character. Unlike Phaedra she plays a trivial role in the play. There is a question whether Euripides is misogynist or not. Euripides' innovation in his Hippolytus is to cast the woman as a sympathetic character, Aphrodite's helpless victim caught in a divine plan to destroy Hippolytus. His audience expects to see the wicked woman vilified and the virtuous youth exalted; that is the tradition. Instead, Euripides portrays his Phaedra as a highly moral woman struggling against the shame of her passion, while Hippolytus is an intolerant prig. Alcestis’ love is virtual, a sacred love for a husband. But Phaedra’s love for his step son has been considered in the play as sickness. She became love sick. Since her love is not pure like Alcestis so her love defined as sickness throughout the play. Euripides’ sympathetic tone is toward woman is also expressed in the play Alcestis. Alcestis' fate can be viewed as a reflection of the male- dominated world of fifth- century Athens- her death is decided by her husband, in that he allows her to take his pre-ordained place in Hades; her rescue from Death comes only through Heracles' intervention. Being led silently from the tomb perhaps symbolizes the woman's role in the Athenian household as a subordinate figure, from whom it was preferred to hear little. In all, the play shows that the rules of the male world, guest- friendship and hospitality in particular, are more important that the whims of a female, even her dying wish are disregarded. So he can’t be considered as misogynist. Heroes are undistinguished in Euripidean plays. They do not have much heroic qualities. They are very common and simple rather heroines are more focused in Euripidean play. For example in Alcestis, Admetus’ role is not heroic rather he is coward and self centered. He has not any growth and development. Alcestis sacrifices her own life for her husband, Admetus just laments on her wife’s death. He does not try anything to save her beloved wife’s life. Rather it was Heracles who save the Alcestis life and rescued her. In Hippolytus, we notice the growth and development of Phaedra’s character. Phaedra’s love, her passion, her struggle and her death makes her a round character. But Hippolytus’ remains quite inactive throughout the play. He has no contribution to the action of the play. Phaedra and Aphrodite play the main role in this play. They are more focused than Theseus or Hippolytus. According to Aristotle a hero should not be too good or too bad. Hippolytus is too good. He is a debatable hero. He has no growth and development. Unlike Phaedra he is a static character. Deus ex machine is a technique where a god or artificial or improbable device introduced into a play to resolve the entanglements of the plot. This technique is frequently used by Euripides. In the play Alcestis, Heracles acted as Dues ex machine. In the play Hippolytus it is the goddess Artemis who is presented as Dues ex machine. Alcestis is considered as a satyr play. Alcestis is a domestic tragicomedy with a mixture of fairy tale atmosphere and intense personal suffering that in the extant plays reappears again. Although the play begins with a gloomy and tragic mood but the ending of this play is joyous. It has a happy ending though artificial. So this play is considered as a tragicomedy. His play Hippolytus explores the nature of passion, the problem of communication and language and the emotional and the moral pitfalls of intense aspiration and one-sided devotion to the ideal. This play is totally a tragedy. In this play Phaedra commit suicide and the play ends with death Hippolytus. Obviously this play does not end with a happy tone. So it has been considered as a pure example of tragedy. Euripides has come to be increasingly appreciated in modern times for his intellectual subtlety, bold and original dramatic power, brilliant psychological insight, and ability to elicit unexpected symbolic meaning from ancient myth and cult. Critics find the Alcestis a richly rewarding play in many areas. D. J. Conacher explores how Euripides expanded the myth of Admetus and Alcestis, adding comic and folk tale elements to suit the needs of his tragedy. In Hippolytus, he also adapts the myth of Pasiphae the mother of Phaedra and Ariadne, the sister of her. But he relates it to the play by his own way. Throughout his works Euripides struggled to show the human side of his characters and tried to elevate their actions to a status of importance and not just as a consequence of the intervention of the gods. For this reason Euripides stands apart as does his works.